The threat and error management (TEM) model provides a
non-technical tool to help pilots identify and manage threats
(hazards) and errors during flight. In preparation for regulatory
changes that come into effect in July 2009, the Guild of Air Pilots
and Air Navigators (GAPAN) developed a TEM 'train-the-trainer'
course for general aviation and low capacity air transport
operations. Between August and October 2007, GAPAN conducted TEM
training in 10 locations throughout Australia. Two surveys were
administered to TEM course participants by the Australian Transport
Safety Bureau: one immediately after the training session and the
other about 8 months after the training.
The surveys were designed to elicit information on attitudes
towards TEM, organisational safety strategies, and challenges and
benefits of implementing TEM. The follow-up survey was constructed
to explore whether TEM has been implemented, along with any
challenges and benefits found where TEM had been implemented.
Overall, the responses regarding attitudes and intentions of
implementing TEM were positive. Eight months after the training,
most organisations had implemented TEM and incorporated it into
their own training programs. Implementation of TEM into the
respondents' organisation was generally considered easy and staff
were receptive, with the greatest challenges being time and
resources.